Germany’s bold decision to send two navy ships through the Taiwan Strait for the first time in over 20 years has stirred tensions with China. The frigate Baden-Württemberg and the supply ship Berlin-class Frankfurt am Main completed the journey last Friday, despite China’s vocal objections. This passage signals Germany’s commitment to upholding freedom of navigation, aligning itself with the US and its Western allies, all while indirectly challenging Beijing’s territorial claims.
German Defense Minister Boris Pistorius stood firm in his justification for the transit, stating, “International waters are international waters… It’s the shortest and, given the weather conditions, the safest route. So we are passing through.” Germany’s message was clear: the Taiwan Strait is open to international traffic, and its ships have every right to travel through it.
For Taiwan, the event was uneventful. Taiwan’s Defense Ministry confirmed that the ships navigated south through the strait under close monitoring, and that the situation remained stable. It was a routine passage in an area that is, despite its geopolitical importance, a vital trade route.
China, however, took issue with the passage, maintaining that the Taiwan Strait falls under its territorial jurisdiction. Mao Ning, the spokesperson for China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, criticized the transit, stating, “The Taiwan question is not about freedom of navigation but about China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity.” According to China, the strait represents more than just a maritime passage; it’s a symbol of its efforts to bring Taiwan under mainland control.
In contrast, most nations, including the US, Canada, and several European countries, recognize the Taiwan Strait as international waters, where freedom of navigation must be respected. These countries believe that any vessel has the right to “innocent passage” through the strait without having to notify China. However, China’s claim is different. Beijing asserts that the waters from the mainland coast to the center of the strait are its internal waters, extending outwards to its territorial sea and economic zone. China has been increasingly assertive about enforcing this stance, much to the frustration of its Western counterparts.
Germany’s decision to sail through the strait reflects a growing commitment among Western nations to challenge these claims. Canada, for instance, has regularly sailed through the strait to signal its support for a “free, open, and inclusive” Indo-Pacific region. The UK has done the same, with the HMS Richmond making a similar passage in 2021. Even France, which tends to steer clear of provoking Beijing, sent the Vendémiaire frigate through the Taiwan Strait in 2019.
China’s rising assertiveness and military exercises in the region are increasing tensions. Following the election of Taiwan’s Vice President Lai Ching-te, China has conducted more military drills in Taiwanese airspace and waters, further heightening concerns over the potential for an invasion or blockade. Beijing has not ruled out using force to reunify Taiwan with the mainland, which only adds to the sense of urgency felt by the island nation and its allies.
As China grows more vocal and confrontational about its claims, the world watches with concern. Western nations, especially those in NATO, have begun to take a firmer stance on Taiwan, recognizing the strategic importance of the Taiwan Strait for global trade and regional stability. The latest German passage through the strait reflects this growing willingness to confront China’s territorial claims directly.
For China, however, these transits are seen as provocations, testing the limits of its patience and pushing the boundaries of its sovereignty. As global powers continue to sail their warships through the Taiwan Strait, China’s position remains clear: “We firmly oppose any act of provocation under the pretext of freedom of navigation that harms China’s sovereignty and security.”
Germany’s move sets a precedent, and its impact on global maritime policy will likely be felt in the years to come. The Taiwan Strait, already a symbol of the ongoing tension between Taiwan and China, now stands as a reminder of the broader struggle for control of the Indo-Pacific.
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