A serious health challenge is unfolding for NASA astronaut Sunita Williams, whose dramatic weight loss during her extended stay aboard the International Space Station (ISS) has triggered an urgent effort to stabilize her condition. NASA’s team of medical experts is now working tirelessly to help her regain lost pounds after more than five months in space, where she and fellow astronaut Barry Wilmore have been stranded due to an unexpected technical issue with their Boeing Starliner.
When Williams, 59, launched into space this June, she was in top shape, passing her pre-mission physical and prepared for what was intended to be a brief eight-day assignment on the ISS. However, a malfunction with the Starliner turned their short visit into an unplanned extended mission that has now stretched into 155 days. With no immediate way to return to Earth, Williams and her team have had to adapt to the unique health challenges that come with a long-term stay in zero gravity.
Recently released images of Williams have raised global concern, showing her significantly thinner, with noticeably sunken cheeks and a gaunt appearance that surprised even those who know her best. “She has lost a lot of weight,” confirmed a NASA employee involved in the mission. “The pounds have melted off her, and she’s now skin and bones. So it’s a priority to help her stabilize the weight loss and hopefully reverse it.”
The extended mission has brought an unexpected challenge in the form of calorie intake. Astronauts in space need to consume between 3,500 and 4,000 calories daily to maintain their weight due to the intense demands of life in zero gravity. Besides the daily physical activities required to retain muscle and bone density, astronauts burn even more calories to counteract the harsh effects of microgravity on the body. Now, to regain the weight she has lost, Williams may need to up her intake to an extraordinary 5,000 calories daily—a significant increase compared to the average 1,600–2,400 calories that most women on Earth require.
The prolonged mission has compounded these physical demands. NASA’s doctors began focusing on Williams’ weight loss about a month ago, long before the photos circulated. Williams, known for her athleticism—she famously ran a marathon on the ISS in 2007, completing it along with the Boston Marathon participants on a space treadmill—has faced a far greater challenge with each passing day. Her usual diet has not been enough to keep up with the demanding physical environment of space.
Studies have shown that female astronauts face unique health risks in space, including faster muscle loss compared to their male colleagues. A recent study from 2023 underscored this difference, emphasizing that space conditions can be harsher on women, even for highly experienced astronauts like Williams.
NASA has assured the public that Williams is receiving comprehensive medical care, with flight surgeons closely monitoring her health. “All NASA astronauts aboard the International Space Station undergo routine medical evaluations,” NASA said in a statement. “They have dedicated flight surgeons monitoring them and are in good health.”
Speculation surrounding Williams’ health, however, has become a topic of conversation at NASA, according to a source involved in the mission. “I gasped out loud when I saw the last picture,” the source admitted. “And it’s something we’re talking about, but not something we’re obsessing about. It’s a real concern, and everyone is taking it seriously.”
Adding to the urgency is the fact that Williams and Wilmore are not expected to return until February, when a SpaceX Crew Dragon capsule will finally offer a ride home. In the meantime, NASA’s medical team is doing all they can to ensure Williams is in optimal health until then.
This situation has also sparked conversations about the toll that prolonged space travel can take on the body. Earlier this year, a crew of four astronauts returning to Earth from the ISS was promptly hospitalized after a 200-day mission, although NASA did not disclose specific health details. One astronaut required an overnight stay, underscoring the challenging re-entry process after long-duration space missions.
As Williams and Wilmore await their long-awaited return, NASA is left grappling with how best to address and mitigate the weight loss and muscle depletion that long missions in space often bring. For now, NASA’s priority is clear: to restore Williams’ health as she continues her mission in the stars.
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